Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic rhinitis — commonly known as hay fever — causes inflammation of the nasal passages in response to allergens such as pollen, dust mites, or pet dander. It can significantly affect quality of life, but effective treatments are available to keep symptoms well controlled.
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This page provides general health information only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice.
What is allergic rhinitis?
Allergic rhinitis occurs when the immune system overreacts to airborne allergens, causing inflammation in the nasal lining. Seasonal rhinitis (hay fever) is triggered by pollen and occurs at specific times of year, while perennial rhinitis occurs year-round due to triggers such as dust mites or pet dander.
Though rarely serious, allergic rhinitis can significantly impair sleep, concentration, and quality of life — and increases the risk of developing asthma if left untreated.
Symptoms
- Persistent sneezing, especially in the morning
- Runny or blocked nose
- Itchy, watery, or red eyes
- Itching in the throat, ears, or roof of the mouth
- Reduced sense of smell
- Fatigue and difficulty concentrating due to poor sleep
Common triggers
- Tree, grass, and weed pollen — highest in spring and summer
- Dust mites — present year-round in bedding and soft furnishings
- Pet dander — from cats, dogs, and other animals
- Mould spores — particularly in damp or humid environments
- Air pollution and cigarette smoke, which can worsen symptoms
When to see a doctor
See a doctor if symptoms are persistent, severe, or affecting your sleep and daily functioning. Over-the-counter antihistamines may not be sufficient for year-round or severe rhinitis — and it is important to rule out other causes such as sinusitis or nasal polyps.
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Treatment options
- Antihistamines — reduce sneezing, itching, and runny nose quickly
- Intranasal corticosteroid sprays — the most effective treatment for persistent rhinitis
- Decongestants — short-term relief for nasal congestion
- Allergen immunotherapy (desensitisation) — long-term reduction in sensitivity to specific allergens
- Avoidance strategies — reducing exposure to known triggers where possible
How eMedClinic can help
Our doctors can assess your symptoms, identify your triggers, and recommend the most effective treatment plan — including prescription nasal sprays and antihistamines. Managing allergic rhinitis properly also helps protect against the development of asthma.
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